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| People | Applications and Manufacturing Systems: Evolution of Assembly Cells |
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| Five different workcell types are listed and compared. They represent different development steps for workcell. |
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- Pre-Calibrated fixture
- 6 DOF Industrial Robot
- Fixture cost of $1,600,000
- Specific for One Airframe Panel
- Total cost of $1,755,000
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- Standardized holding frame
- Tool Turret
- 7 DOF Accuracy Robot on Rails
- 20% of assembly tasks
- Total Cost of $640,000
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- Holding Frame on Trunion
- Tool Turret
- Two 7 DOF Accuracy Robots on Rails
- 35% of assembly tasks
- Total Cost of $1,020,000
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- Holding Frame on Trunion
- Two 7 DOF Accuracy Robots
- Two 3 DOF Force Robots
- 70% of assembly tasks
- Total Cost of $1,230,000
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- Generalized Holding Frame
- Three 7 DOF Accuracy Robots
- Four 5 DOF Force Robots
- 90% of assembly tasks
- Total Cost of $1,920,000
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